Pancreas - causes, symptoms and treatment of pancreatitis

Pancreatitis is a serious disease that can lead to significant health problems. The pancreas is an organ with a significant importance for the proper functioning of the digestive and hormonal systems, and its inflammation can cause acute pain, digestive problems and other complications. Early diagnosis and treatment are extremely important to prevent the long -term effects of the disease.

Pancreatitis - the characteristics of the disease

The pancreas is a gland with a length of about 15 cm, located in the upper abdominal cavity. Plays an important role in two basic functional systems:

• Digestive system: The production of digestive enzymes that are secreted to the duodenum, supporting the digestion of fats, carbohydrates and proteins.
• Endocrine system: Production of hormones, including insulin and glucagon, responsible for regulating blood sugar levels.

Types of pancreatitis

Pancreatitis can be divided into two main categories:

Acute pancreatitis (OZT)

It is characterized by a sudden beginning and intense symptoms. It can lead to serious complications, such as infections, multi -organ failure and even death.

Chronic pancreatitis (PZT)

It develops gradually, causing permanent damage to the pancreas structure. It is associated with prolonged pain, disability and increased risk of pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatitis - causes

Etiological factors

The causes of pancreatitis can be very diverse. Here are the most common: Alcoholism - uncontrolled alcohol consumption is one of the main causes of chronic pancreatitis. Cholelithiasis - Bile stones can block bile ducts, which leads to acute pancreatitis. Hypertriglyceridemia - High levels of triglycerides in the blood can lead to acute pancreatitis (Ozturk & Singh, 2011). Genetics - congenital genetic mutations can predispose to PZT development. Drugs - some drugs such as azatioprine or tetracyclines can cause acute pancreatitis (Tenner, Baillie, Dewitt, & Vege, 2013).

Other possible reasons

• Autoimmune diseases
• Abdominal injuries
• Viral infections (e.g. pig virus)

Pancreatitis - symptoms

Symptoms of acute form

Acute pancreatitis (OZT) is characterized by sudden, intense epigastric pain, which can radiate to the back and get intensified after eating meals. Pain symptoms are often accompanied by nausea and vomiting, as well as fever, i.e. increased body temperature. In addition, digestive disorders such as diarrhea and flatulence may occur.

Symptoms of chronic form

Chronic pancreatitis (PZT) can manifest through chronic, recurrent abdominal pain and failure of the exocrine function of the pancreas, which leads to digestive problems. Due to improper absorption of nutrients, food deficiencies may occur. In addition, chronic pancreatitis can lead to the development of diabetes, especially type 3c, resulting from the destruction of the Langerhans islands.

Pancreatitis - treatment

Proceedings in acute pancreatitis

The behavior in acute pancreatitis includes hospitalization, which is necessary to monitor and stabilize the patient. Pharmacological treatment involves the use of painkillers, often opioids, antibiotics in the case of superintendances and protease inhibitors. The suspension of food and drink and introducing parenteral nutrition are aimed at enabling the "rest" of the pancreas. In the case of complications such as pancreatic necrosis or pancreatic fistula, surgical interventions may be needed.

Treatment of chronic pancreatitis

Treatment of chronic pancreatitis includes a modification of lifestyle, including avoiding alcohol and smoking. The pharmacological approach involves supplementation of pancreatic enzymes and the use of painkillers. In order to relieve pain and remove obstacles in pancreatic conductors, surgical and endoscopic interventions may also be necessary.

Healthy habits with pancreatitis

Everyday habits conducive to pancreatic health

1. Avoiding alcohol: Alcohol is the main risk factor for pancreatitis.
2. Caring for healthy body weight: Obesity is associated with the development of both OZT and PZT.
3. Regular exercise: They help maintain normal body weight and metabolism.
4. Quitting smoking: Smoking increases the risk of PZT.

Diet with pancreatitis

People with pancreatitis should follow special dietary recommendations, including a low -fat diet to avoid excess fat that weighs down the pancreas. It is recommended to eat small, frequent meals instead of three large meals a day and avoiding spicy spices and fatty dishes that can irritate the digestive tract. The diet should be rich in protein, which accelerates tissue regeneration, and contain a high supply of fiber, thanks to which fruit, vegetables and whole -grain products help regulate digestion. Sample healthy products are:

• Lean meat
• Fish
• Poultry (without skin)
• Low fat milk and dairy products
• Fresh fruit and vegetables

Prevention of pancreatitis

Prevention of pancreatitis includes the avoidance of alcohol and smoking, which are the main risk factors. Regular control tests are recommended for people with the history of pancreatic diseases or genetic predispositions. Modification of diet, including eating low -fat and protein -rich foods, is beneficial. Regular physical activity supports the health of the pancreas, and stress management with the help of relaxation techniques helps maintain its proper functioning.

Sources

Ozturk, Y., & Singh, P. (2011). Hyperrtyglycedemia-Inducer ACute Pancreatitis: A Study of the Incidence of Hyperrtiglycedemia among Acute pancreatitis Patients with no Ethanol Consumction or Gallstone Disease. The Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 45 (8), 781-786. Tenner, S., Baillie, J., Dewitt, J., & Vege, S. S. (2013). American College of Gastroenterology Guideline: Management of acute pancreatitis. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 108 (9), 1400-1415.