Obesity - impact on health, types and treatment

Obesity is a serious health problem that affects more and more people around the world. It is a chronic condition that is associated with excessive accumulation of body fat. Obesity has far -reaching effects on physical and mental health, affects many aspects of life and requires a complex approach to treatment. In this article, we will look closer to obesity, its types, causes, health consequences and treatment options.

What is obesity?

Obesity is a condition in which excess fat accumulated in the body leads to health disorders and a decrease in the quality of life. It is usually diagnosed on the basis of a body mass index (BMI), which is calculated, dividing body weight in kilograms by a square of growth in meters. Obesity is defined as BMI equal or greater than 30. There are different degrees of obesity, which are classified according to BMI values: overweight (BMI 25-29.9), 1st degree obesity (BMI 30-34.9), 2nd degree obesity (BMI 35-39.9) and III degree obesity (BMI ≥40), which is called extreme obesity.

Types of obesity - differences

Obesity can be classified in several ways, depending on the location of the fat tissue and its impact on health. Most often there are android (abdominal) and gynoid (femoral) obesity. Android obesity, also known as abdominal obesity, is characterized by the accumulation of fat mainly around the abdomen and torso. It is particularly dangerous because it can lead to heart problems, type 2 diabetes and other serious diseases. Gynoid obesity, in turn, is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the lower parts of the body, such as thighs and buttocks. Although it is less associated with cardiovascular diseases, it can lead to problems with mobility and joint pain.

Reasons for obesity - where does obesity come from?

Obesity is the result of the complex action of many factors, both genetic and environmental. Genetics plays an important role, affecting the way the body stores and uses fat. Studies have shown that some genes may increase the predisposition to obesity through influence on appetite, metabolism and accumulation of fat. In addition to genetics, the lifestyle and eating habits also affect obesity. Incorrect diet, rich in high -calorie and processed products, and lack of physical activity are important factors conducive to weight gain. Psychological factors such as stress, depression or eating disorders can also lead to excessive food and obesity.

The consequences of obesity - mental and physical

Obesity has a number of serious health consequences that can significantly affect the quality of life. The physical effects of obesity include an increased risk of cardiovascular disease such as hypertension, coronary artery disease and heart attack. Obesity is also one of the main risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes, which can lead to serious health complications, such as kidney damage, problems with the nervous system or eye disease. In addition, excessive body weight can cause joint pain and back problems, as well as increase the risk of sleep apnea and breathing disorders. The mental effects of obesity are equally important. People with obesity often experience a reduced self -esteem, which can lead to depression, anxiety and social insulation. These problems may be the result of stigmatization that they may face in society and difficulties in accepting your own body. In addition, obesity can affect the quality of sleep and general mental well -being.

Obesity and diseases - health threat

Obesity is associated with many serious diseases that can have a long -term effect on health. One of the greatest threats is the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Excessive fat tissue, especially the one located within the abdomen, leads to elevated cholesterol and blood pressure, which significantly increases the risk of developing heart disease and strokes. Obesity is also strongly associated with the development of type 2 diabetes, which can lead to serious complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy and kidney failure. Other diseases associated with obesity include metabolic disorders, such as a metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by several metabolic irregularities at the same time, including insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Obesity can also lead to problems with the respiratory system, including sleep apnea, which is a serious sleep disturbance. Prolonged obesity can also contribute to the development of cancer, including colorectal, breast and pancreatic cancer.

Treatment of obesity - where to look for help?

Treatment of obesity requires a comprehensive approach, including both lifestyle changes and, in some cases, medical interventions. An important element is the modification of the diet and the introduction of healthy eating habits. This includes an increase in the consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and protein, as well as limiting calories, saturated fats and simple sugars. Regular physical activity, including aerobic and strength exercises, is necessary to improve metabolism and weight loss. In cases where the change in lifestyle does not bring the expected results, it may be necessary to use pharmacotherapy. Drugs for obesity, such as Orlistat, Fentyloin or Liraglutide, can support the slimming process by reducing appetite or limiting fat absorption. In the most advanced cases, when other methods have failed, bariatric surgery may be considered, such as stomach reduction or gastric reduction surgery that can lead to significant weight loss. People with obesity should also seek help in dietary and psychological clinics that offer support in changing the eating habits and dealing with emotional problems related to obesity. The interdisciplinary approach, which includes cooperation with a dietitian, psychologist and doctor, is important for effective treatment of obesity and improving the quality of life.

Sources

American Heart Association. (2020). "Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: a Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association." Circulation, 142 (25), E105-E107. World Health Organization. (2021). "Obesity and Overweight." Retrieved from who National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2021). "Obesity." Retrieved from niddk